Dune: Imperium rightfully skyrocketted in popularity, and with one or two of the expansions (Ix or Immortality) really was a fantastic game: (Deck-building, worker placement, resource management, "area control" (through the end of round combat where you compete for the round's reward) all blended into one).
Dune: Imperium - Uprising is basically Dune: Imperium 2.0. The changes were made with the previous games in mind, and it feels like this is the version you want to get if you don't own any of the others.
If you already own D:I (original), just get Ix or Immortality (both and the game starts to feel a bit bloated). I don't think the expansions are needed for Uprising. People love the game, and they'll keep pumping them out ala Root (and now, they also have D:I Bloodlines expansion coming out -- it's a bit too much for me)... but if you wanted Dune: Imperium, Uprising is all you need -- it's a bit heavier than the original, but it really feels like the best version of the game (if only by just a little bit by virtue of the designers having the original game to polish just a bit more).